Though they had nearly 1,700 citizen complaints by the time the commission convened, the most credible evidence would have to come from inside the department. Frank Serpico Wiki 2020, Height, Age, Net Worth 2020, Family - Frank Serpico is a retired American New York Police Department (NYPD) officer He … Even 30 to 40 years later, cops still hate Serpico. [9], His only child, son Alexander, was born March 15, 1980, out of marriage. The real-life Serpico argued consistently with Lumet over the accuracy of the movie, and eventually, walked away from partaking in the movie altogether. And I have a right to be disappointed.”. Francesco Vincent Serpico (born April 14, 1936) is a former New York City Police Department (NYPD) Detective. He is known for whistleblowing on police corruption in the late 1960s and early 1970s, an act that prompted Mayor John V. Lindsay to appoint the landmark Knapp Commission to investigate the NYPD. He was living his dream. Ten months later, Serpico had been transferred to the Narcotics division of the New York City Police Department. Frank Serpico was the first officer to expose corruption inside the New York City police department. Both of the backup officers fled after he was shot and it would be an elderly Hispanic man who called 911 on his behalf. The problem is that the atmosphere does not yet exist in which an honest police officer can act without fear of ridicule or reprisal from fellow officers. Frank Serpico (right) testifies before the Knapp Commission (formally the Commission to Investigate Alleged Police Corruption) in New York, Dec. 15, 1971. Frank was very ethical in his work and allowed his fellow officers to have the arrest. When he was eighteen, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and served for two years in Korea. On May 3, 1971, New York Metro Magazine published an article, "Portrait of an Honest Cop", about him, a week before he testified at the departmental trial of an NYPD lieutenant accused of taking bribes from gamblers. "[29] Also in the late 1970s and early 1980s, vice laws were generally not enforced to prevent police corruption. He realized then he was looking down the barrel of a gun. Frank Serpico was a police officer in the 1960s that was excited and nervous about it at the same time because of what the job entailed. At the age of 17, he enlisted in the United States Army and was stationed for two years in South Korea as an infantryman. Born in Brooklyn, New York, USA, on April 14, 1936, Frank Serpico is best known for being a law enforcement officer. Born into an Italian-American family, young Serpico idolized the NYPD cops who patrolled his neighborhood in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn. The film is full of corruption and it seems as if the only one willing to stop it is Frank Serpico. Would you say that Frank Serpico considered today a model peace officer or a self-aggrandizing trouble maker that thrived on the attention he created. What’s more, Serpico’s spirit was slowly crushed as he witnessed the rampant corruption in his precinct. He confided in David Durk, a graduate of Amherst College who had become an officer in 1963 after quitting law school. In 1967, he reported credible evidence of widespread systematic police corruption, and saw no effect[7] until he met another police officer, David Durk, who helped him. Serpico still speaks out about police brutality, civil liberties, and police corruption, such as the attempted cover-ups following Abner Louima's torture in 1997 and Amadou Diallo's shooting in 1999. He was assigned to the 81st precinct, then worked for the Bureau of Criminal Identification (BCI) for two years. [31], On June 27, 2013, the USA Section of ANPS (National Association of Italian State Police) assigned him the "Saint Michael Archangel Prize", an official award by the Italian State Police with the Sponsorship of the Italian Ministry of Interior. For many, the patron saint of whistleblowers is Frank Serpico, the former NYPD detective who reported police corruption in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Bill Tompkins/Getty ImagesFrank Serpico at the Quad Cinema movie theatre on August 9, 2004. The bullet struck just below the eye, lodging at the top of his jaw. Still trying to shine a light on police corruption. This included taking the suspect to a coffee shop across the street from the police station. Lindsay did not take action and Durk then took Serpico to The New York Times. He enjoyed the finer aspects of life like art and ballet and the orchestra, in stark contrast to the macho conservatives who made up the majority of the force. Francesco Serpico is now an Italian citizen: during the same ceremony, he received his first Italian passport after extended research by the president of ANPS USA, Chief Inspector Cirelli, who established the Jus sanguinis, allowing him to gain Italian citizenship. He had read that officers who break the unspoken code of silence among police may sometimes not be helped in emergency situations — which he learned firsthand that day. He also relished his job and sometimes made arrests when off-duty or in other cops’ territory. Serpico’s colleagues also begged him for an arrest because their weapon was discharged during the attempt and did not want to do paper work as to the reason why. But to Serpico, real change in the NYPD remains to be seen. Serpico barely survived. In order to ensure this ... an independent, permanent investigative body ... dealing with police corruption, like this commission, is essential ...[13], Serpico was the first police officer in the history of the New York City Police Department to step forward to report, and subsequently testify openly about widespread, systemic corruption payoffs amounting to millions of dollars. Serpico climbed up the fire escape, entered by the fire escape door, went downstairs, listened for the password, then followed two suspects outside. [15] He went to Switzerland to recuperate, spending almost a decade living there and on a farm in the Netherlands, and traveling and studying. At a public hearing in mid-1970, Frank Serpico testified as to what he had witnessed in the NYPD in conjunction with the evidence the officials had found in the investigation. He decided to return to the United States afterwards. Serpico believed his partners knew about his secret meetings with police investigators. But Serpico did not blend in with the other cops in Brooklyn’s 81st Precinct. At the age of 84, Frank Serpico is still the man of integrity, always siding with the underdog, who in 1971 unleashed an earthquake inside the New York … He became a New York City police officer in 1959 and served for 12 years. Serpico consequently joined the New York Police force in 1959 in a bid to follow in the footsteps of his childhood heroes. He and Durk also pressured Mayor John V. Lindsay to form the Knapp Commission, which would focus on sniffing out further corruption in the force. On September 11, 1959, Serpico joined the New York City Police Department (NYPD) as a probationary patrolman, and became a full patrolman on March 5, 1960. Retired New York City Police Detective Frank Serpico in Antonino D’Ambrosio’s film “Frank Serpico” In the 1970s, whistleblower Frank Serpico exposed rampant bribery in the New York Police Department. Paco was very ethical about the way he did things in the force and was a great asset to the NYPD. James Garrett/NY Daily News via Getty ImagesFrank Serpico (right) testifies before the Knapp Commission (formally the Commission to Investigate Alleged Police Corruption) in New York, Dec. 15, 1971. Frank Serpico case study : New York City Police Department issues Would you say that Frank Serpico considered today a model peace officer or a self-aggrandizing trouble maker that thrived on the attention he created. Finally, he contributed to an April 25, 1970, The New York Times front-page story on widespread corruption in the NYPD, which drew national attention to the problem. Early Life. He was then assigned to plainclothes undercover work, in which he eventually exposed widespread corruption. To some, this hearing and the commission to investigate corruption which came with it made a world of difference. He later went to the Bureau of Criminal Identification (BCI) for two years, and then became a plainclothes officer… Frank Serpico at the Quad Cinema movie theatre on August 9, 2004. About a year later, Frank Serpico retired from the force. After this look at the true story of Al Pacino’s character Frank Serpico, read up on Frank Lucas, the real-life figure behind the Hollywood hit ‘American Gangster.’ Then, check out the true story behind the infamous John Paul Getty III kidnapping. James Garrett/NY Daily News via Getty Images. Am I angry? Serpico was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the youngest child of Vincenzo and Maria Giovanna Serpico, Italian immigrants from Marigliano, Naples, Campania. There was no formal investigation. “They took the job I loved most. Two policemen, Gary Roteman and Arthur Cesare, stayed outside, while the third, Paul Halley, stood in front of the apartment building. Halley stayed with the suspects, and Roteman told Serpico, who spoke Spanish, to make a fake purchase attempt to get the drug dealers to open the door. Consequently, bookmakers and drug dealers often operated openly out of storefronts, while prostitutes openly advertised and often plied their wares in various "red-light" sections of the city. Born in Brooklyn, New York, USA, on April 14, 1936, Frank Serpico is best known for being a law enforcement officer. On January 1966, Serpico commenced the Criminal Investigation Course at plainclothes school and upon completion he was sent back to Brooklyn to join the 90th Precinct plainclothes squad. IT WAS FILMED IN REVERSE ORDER. NYPD Patrolman Frank Serpico Serpico was determined to become a detective and his supportive boss, Captain Fink, submitted a recommendation for a plainclothes assignment. Frank Serpico was born in Brooklyn, New York. The blue wall will always be there because the system supports it.”. [23], In 2015, Serpico ran for a seat on the town board of Stuyvesant, New York, where he lives, his first foray into politics. After a disagreement with Orissor, he stayed for a few weeks in a B&B before returning to New York City in 1980. A US Army Veteran, Frank Serpico joined the New York City Police Department in September 1959 and remained on the force for a dozen years. "[27], On August 19, 2017, Serpico gave a speech which was broadcast live on Facebook as he stood with NYPD police officers in New York City on the bank of the East River at the foot of the Brooklyn Bridge in support of Colin Kaepernick, for his protests alleging a culture of police brutality. Four decades after battling corruption in the New York City Police Department, Frank Serpico, 77, is now battling a developer building a luxury home next to his upstate refuge. Serpico was flamboyant and charismatic. The problem is that the atmosphere does not yet exist, in which an honest police officer can act ... without fear of ridicule or reprisal from fellow officers. In the opening scene of the 1973 movie “Serpico,” I am shot in the face—or to be more accurate, the character of Frank Serpico, played by Al Pacino, is shot in the face. Serpico called for help, but his fellow officers ignored him. He eventually testified before a special commission set up to investigate corruption in the NYPD, and Al Pacino played him in … Serpico doesn’t believe this recognition came from a genuine place, however: “They handed the medal to me like an afterthought, like tossing me a pack of cigarettes. Serpico, a cop himself, ended up getting shot in the face when fellow officers wouldn’t come to his aid when confronting a suspect. Serpico, who was armed during the drug raid, had been shot only after briefly turning away from the suspect, when he realized that the two officers who had accompanied him to the scene were not following him into the apartment, raising the question whether Serpico had actually been brought to the apartment by his colleagues to be murdered. “Frank Serpico” is a finely etched and fascinating documentary. He was well known in and around Corwen and frequently mixed in the town's pubs. Officer Becker is a perfect example of a rotten apple. I wouldn’t say I’m angry, but I have a right to be angry. The officer retired in 1972 and traveled the world. Frank was only in plainclothes a short time before he was introduced to “The Pad,” which amounted to arrest insurance. Serpico decided since the beating did not work, he would try to take his own approach. It didn’t help that by 1967 the fed-up officer had begun to complain to the higher-ups in city government about what he’d seen in the force. Frank Serpico was born in Brooklyn, New York. That evidence would come primarily from officers Frank Serpico and David Durk and, despite being gravely wounded during a drug raid prior to the hearings, Serpico agreed to testify. In the opening scene of the 1973 film Serpico, Al Pacino, who stars as the titular character Frank Serpico of the New York police department, tensely draws his revolver. Wilson/Getty Images, Paramount Pictures/Getty ImagesFrank Serpico, left, and the actor who portrays him, Al Pacino. Therefore, the most important result that can come from these hearings ... is a conviction by police officers that the department will change. It was only after their story made the front-page that City Hall launched an investigation. He was assigned to the 81st precinct. The movie does well in capturing Serpico’s rage with the incompetence and corruption on the force. But when the door was opened and Serpico rushed it, it was slammed on his shoulder and head, wedging him halfway inside. He made a huge mark on the NYPD that lasts even to this day. He holds both American and Italian citizenship. When Frank Serpico was 17, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and was stationed in South Korea for two years. He later testified before the Knapp Commission. He made a huge mark on the NYPD that lasts even to this day. [7] Mayor John V. Lindsay appointed a five-member panel to investigate accusations of police corruption. Instead, the drug dealer on the inside fires his gun and hits Frank Serpico in the face. In the 1970s, whistleblower Frank Serpico exposed rampant bribery in the New York Police Department. Almost immediately, it became clear that he would not easily fit into the culture of the NYPD. Frank Serpico - Net Worth, Bio, Spouse, Quotes - Famous People … “Even today it’s very difficult for me to watch those scenes, which depict in a very realistic and terrifying way what actually happened to me on February 3, 1971,” Serpico recalled. After military service, he worked part-time and attended college, joining the New York City Police Department at the age of twenty-three. In 1971, he was awarded the Medal of Honor, the NYPD’s highest award for bravery in action. Here are a few examples: Rotten Apples – The officer acts corruptly alone and it would have been best not to hire them in the first place. [15], When it was decided to make the movie about his life called Serpico, Al Pacino invited the officer to stay with him at a house that Pacino had rented in Montauk, New York. After going to a tribunal to contest child support payments to the mother, who Serpico has claimed told him she was on the contraceptive pill (an allegation she denied), the tribunal ruled he had to pay around $900 per month. About: Frank Serpico. When he was eighteen, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and served for two years in Korea. His refusal to partake in these practices made Serpico all the more unpopular at his job. [11], The circumstances surrounding Serpico's shooting quickly came into question. Serpico was quoted, "I am here to support anyone who has the courage to stand up against injustice and oppression anywhere in this country and the world. He brought Serpico to Jay Kriegel, who was an aide to Mayor Lindsay. [14], Serpico retired on June 15, 1972, one month after receiving the New York City Police Department's highest honor, the Medal of Honor. In 1959, he donned the iconic blue tunic of the New York City Police Department. David Durk, another officer, had graduated from Amherst and had connections in the city. Frank Serpico is about to make an arrest at a heroin dealer’s apartment. Upon returning to New York, he took up work as a part-time private investigator. But Serpico couldn’t keep quiet. He was brought along on the arrest of a drug dealer in a Latino neighorhood of Brooklyn because he spoke Spanish. William DeLong is a freelance wordsmith. “The atmosphere does not yet exist in which an honest police officer can act without fear of ridicule or reprisal from fellow officers,” Serpico stated. Serpico was flamboyant and charismatic. He was visited the day after the shooting by Mayor John V. Lindsay and Police Commissioner Patrick V. Murphy, and the police department harassed him with hourly bed checks. Frank Serpico was an American-Italian, he enlisted into the Army at the age of 18 and did two years in Korea and then became New York police officer after attending college at the age of 23. Frank Serpico – The New York Police Department Whistleblower Posted on September 15, 2018 May 29, 2020 by Adrian Farrell When Frank Serpico saw what was inside the envelope he had just been given, he knew immediately he was facing the crisis of his life. [6] He was then assigned to plainclothes undercover work, in which he eventually exposed widespread corruption. Police corruption cannot exist unless it is at least tolerated ... at higher levels in the department. He allowed him to order coffee and used kind gestures in order to get the names of the other suspects. A scene from the 1973 film in which Serpico argues with an inept cop. Pacino asked him about why he had stepped forward, and Serpico replied, "Well, Al, I don't know. In 1959, he joined the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Serpico was born in 1932 in Brooklyn, New York to parents Vincenzo and Maria Serpico. Frank Serpico in 2013 .User:Joeyjojo86, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. “An honest cop still can’t find a place to go and complain without fear of recrimination. Frank Serpico now lives in upstate New York in a secluded cabin with not a neighbor in sight, but he ventures into the city for protests and causes he believes in — ever the whistleblower. Serpico made several enemies that day he testified and unknowingly endangered his life. He fired back, striking his assailant,[10] fell to the floor, and began to bleed profusely. Frank Serpico was a New York City police officer during the 60s and 70s who fought against the disgusting levels of corruption. The police went to the third-floor landing. Frank was only in plainclothes a short time before he was introduced to “The Pad,” which amounted to arrest insurance. [24] He lost the election. The film was adapted by Waldo Salt and Norman Wexler from the book of the same name by Peter Maas, who wrote the book with the assistance of its subject, Frank Serpico. Serpico, by nearly any measure, was an eccentric and a free-spirit — going by Lumet’s movie and Al Pacino’s performance as Frank, Serpico was an earnest man on a mission, and nearly from the time he joined the police force was considered a … "[28], As a result of Serpico's efforts, the NYPD was drastically changed. Both men resolved to take their information to The New York Times. Frank excelled as a patrol officer. But Serpico did not blend in with the other cops in Brooklyn’s 81st Precinct. Although Lindsay tried to discredit Serpico, the Timesconfirmed what Serpico had reported. [32], American police officer and whistleblower, New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct, "Serpico Steps Out of the Shadows to Testify", "Frank Serpico: The fate that gnaws at him", "The Man Who Shot Serpico Is Convicted in Brooklyn", "Serpico resurrects his decades‐old criticism of NYPD", "Serpico, Seeking Seat on Town Board, Sees Corruption and Pledges to Fight It", "Frank Serpico on Lost Political Bid: 'It Will Save Me a Big Headache, "Decades After Breaking the Blue Wall of Silence, Ex-Cop Frank Serpico Enjoys the Quiet Life", "Frank Serpico joins NYPD officers for rally in support of Colin Kaepernick", "The Touchables: Vice and Police Corruption in the 1980s", "Serpico Loses Battle Over Child Support in Court of Appeals", "Serpico diventato italiano; cittadinanza allex decttive della polizia di New York", "Big Picture, Small Screen: 20 Movie-Based TV Shows From Worst to Best", "Mayor's Committee Investigating Police Corruption Here Meets Tomorrow to Determine Procedures", "Crusading Policeman: Francisco Vincent Serpico", "Serpico's Lonely Journey to Knapp Witness Stand", "Graft Paid to Police Here Said to Run Into Millions", "5 Promoted to Detective For Fight on Police Graft", "Serpico Tells of Delay on Police Inquiry", "Despite distance and decades, whistleblower Frank Serpico is never too far from his NYPD past", Models of Courageous Citizenship: Robert Shetterly's Americans Who Tell The Truth, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Serpico&oldid=1007483558, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from August 2020, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from August 2020, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Whistleblower on police corruption and subsequent shooting, The 1973 biography was adapted for the 1973 film, This page was last edited on 18 February 2021, at 10:40. I was made to feel that I had burdened them with an unwanted task. [9] When a police car arrived, aware that Serpico was a fellow officer, they transported him in the patrol car to Greenpoint Hospital. His fearlessness and idealism were memorialized in the Hollywood sensation Serpico, which highlighted the constant frustrations and tensions the officer experienced while on the force. While travelling in Europe from 1979 to 1980, Frank Serpico lived in Orissor College in Corwen, Wales;[citation needed] he was one of the founders and Director of Orissor (which had been known as the Old Union Work House and, more recently, as Corwen Manor: his signature appears on the deeds). [4][5], On September 11, 1959, Serpico joined the New York City Police Department (NYPD) as a probationary patrolman, and became a full patrolman on March 5, 1960. He then worked as a part-time private investigator and a youth counselor while attending Brooklyn College. Frank Serpico called to his two backup officers for assistance, but no help came. Frank Serpico was a New York City police officer during the 60s and 70s who fought against the disgusting levels of corruption. Al Pacino as Frank Serpico in the 1973 film, Serpico. He was shot in the face. After military service, he worked part-time and attended college, joining the New York City Police Department at the age of twenty-three. Because Serpico gradually grew a thick beard and long … Frank Serpico writes out the story of his life daily in longhand, at the cabin, then types the pages on a computer at the public library, using the … [30], On June 15, 1972, Serpico left both the NYPD and U.S. to move to Europe. Your purchase supports the book's author and our show. The door opened a few inches, just far enough to wedge his body in. A man of so many words is, was Mr. Serpico. Police officer Frank Serpico exposed corruption in the New York City police department. [8], Serpico was shot during a drug arrest attempt on February 3, 1971, at 778 Driggs Avenue, in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. According to FamousDetails, he was born in the Year of the Rat.Retired NYPD officer who gained fame for exposing police corruption in the 1960s and early 1970s, for which he was shot and nearly killed. According to FamousDetails, he was born in the Year of the Rat.Retired NYPD officer who gained fame for exposing police corruption in the 1960s and early 1970s, for which he was shot and nearly killed. Serpico soon realized that there was a significant amount of corruption in the field and no one said anything about it. His police colleagues refused to make a "10-13" dispatch to police headquarters, indicating that an officer had been shot. [15] Michael Armstrong, who was counsel to the Knapp Commission and went on to become chairman of the city's Commission to Combat Police Corruption, observed in 2012 "the attitude throughout the department seems fundamentally hostile to the kind of systemized graft that had been a way of life almost 40 years ago. When Durk died in 2012, Serpico’s friends pointed to a police website that regretted Serpico had not yet joined his buddy in death. Cops were bribed by criminals, gamblers, thugs, and drug dealers with everything from free meals to money. He was assigned to the 81st precinct, then worked for the Bureau of Criminal Identification (BCI) for two years. After all this time, I’ve never been given a proper certificate with my medal.”. Frank Lucas, the real-life figure behind the Hollywood hit ‘American Gangster.’. I guess I would have to say it would be because... if I didn't, who would I be when I listened to a piece of music? "[16] He has credited his grandfather (who had once been assaulted and robbed), and his uncle (a respected policeman in Italy), for his own sense of justice.[17][18]. Serpico knocked on the door, keeping his hand on his revolver. NYCPD # 117354 He was a longtime veteran “soldier” in the old Genovese Family. Accompanied by a couple of backup officers, Serpico was instructed to just get the apartment door open “and leave the rest” to his colleagues. He returned to the U.S. briefly in June 1974 to deliver a nomination speech for Ramsey Clark, candidate for United States Senator, at the New York State Democratic Party's convention in Niagara Falls. “I hear from police officers all the time; they contact me,” Serpico reported in 2010. [19] He provides support to "individuals who seek truth and justice even in the face of great personal risk", calling them "lamp lighters"; he prefers that term in place of the more conventional "whistleblower", which refers to alerting the public to danger,[20] in the spirit of Paul Revere's midnight ride during the American Revolutionary War. Today he still does not know the full story behind his shooting as an investigation was never conducted. To this day he has shrapnel in his head and is deaf in one ear. [3] Serpico later received a Bachelor of Science degree from City College of New York. He was finally assigne… Ultimately, though, his whistleblowing efforts to call out the wrongdoing of the force and restore its reputation made him a symbol of honor, and his story was the subject of an acclaimed 1973 film starring Al Pacino. About: Frank Serpico. Frank Serpico case study : New York City Police Department issues. In 1973, he lived with a woman named Marianne (a native of the Netherlands), whom he wed in a "spiritual marriage"; she died from cancer in 1980. [10], The bullet had severed an auditory nerve, leaving him deaf in one ear, and he has since suffered from chronic pain from bullet fragments lodged in his brain. Serpico is a 1973 biographical-crime film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Al Pacino. What users say about Frank Serpico He became a full patrolman on March 5, 1960. He was the first officer to testify against another officer. [3], Serpico was a plainclothes police officer working in Brooklyn, the Bronx and Manhattan to expose vice racketeering. Serpico, a cop himself, ended up getting shot in the face when fellow officers wouldn’t come to his aid when confronting a suspect. He kicks in the door and waits for his fellow cops to assist. At age 18, Frank enlisted in the Army and served two years in Korea. He was assigned to the 81st precinct, then worked for the Bureau of Criminal Identification (BCI) for two years. There was no ceremony; according to Serpico, it was simply handed to him over the desk "like a pack of cigarettes". Frank Serpico is a former New York City cop whose anti-corruption stance made him unpopular in the NYPD. In his youth, Frank loved detective stories and dreamed of someday becoming one of New York’s Finest. I just wanted to be a cop, and they took it away from me.”, In 2011, he told WNYC, “Am I disappointed? Frank Serpico, left, and the actor who portrays him, Al Pacino. Frank Serpico: The NYPD Whistleblower Who Uncovered Corruption — And Was Shot In The Face For It. I Should Know", Serpico addresses contemporary issues of police violence. Serpico willingly gave up names of places and officers alike. Serpico consequently joined the New York Police force in 1959 in a bid to follow in the footsteps of his childhood heroes. Although the movie takes some liberties, as Serpico spent most of his time in Brooklyn and not throughout all New York’s boroughs as the film suggests. I hope that police officers in the future will not experience ... the same frustration and anxiety that I was subjected to ... for the past five years at the hands of my superiors ... because of my attempt to report corruption. A single patrol car responded to the incident and the officer who responded allegedly muttered, “If I knew it was Serpico, I would have left him there to bleed to death.”. Criminal justice experts call Serpico a true reformer who helped effect real change in law enforcement, but the ex-cop is less positive about his legacy.