1. approach to cladistics with a more positive attitude, they also seem to have a better comprehension of what cladistics does and why cladistics is used. Find cladistics lesson plans and teaching resources. Cladistics is now the most commonly used method to classify organisms. Generally not much, often used interchangeably. 2. ), Step 1: Organize selected organisms according to defined characteristics, Step 2: Sequentially order organisms according to shared characteristics to construct a cladogram. I will not ask you about definitions such as amniotes, heterotrophs, autotrophs, etc. The terms in bold should be included on your cladogram. Define the following terms using your book or the internet: vertebrae. I ask the students to work with an elbow partner to complete the "now with a partner" section of the guided notes. similar to a goldfish. endobj
Use characteristics that are developmentally fixed (i.e. 4 0 obj
Theme by Anders Norén. 4. Comparative Vertebrate Physiology – Long Answer Test Review! 2. Cladistics and Bioinformatics Questions 2013 1. Cladistics is a form of analysis that looks at features of organisms that are considered "innovations", or newer features that serve some kind of purpose. innate) and not influenced by environmental pressures. What’s the difference between a phylogeny, an evolutionary tree, a phylogenetic tree, and a cladogram? Well, consider the bewildering variety of organisms that have ever lived on Earth, from jellyfish to bacteria — that's what paleontologists do for a living. Cladistics: Concepts and Terminology Use the evolutionary tree below to answer the following questions. Practice cladisitics worksheet (Not for marks pages – Cladisitic Practice Key!). Explain why the development of cladistics lead to the reclassification of some species. (Think about what the word "innovation" means in regular language.) 2. Gergus and Gordon W. Schuett, Labs for Vertebrate Zoology: An Evolutionary Approach. x��Z{o�F�߀���;P�E���:�I��pmsE���HYD$�BRv�O��%��ȪM+[&wggfg~�ؽ���r��[����]�f�m��O���m��������SYem)��Jܿy-�?^_ݾu�뉏��+W8�+�H�������r��xw}����������&~�� These characteristics appear in later organisms but not earlier ones and are called DERIVED CHARACTERS. About This Quiz & Worksheet. Pamishan Creatures Dichotomous Key Life Science Middle School Middle School Science Fill in the following table. Which is/are symplesiomorphies? In terms of gradual release of responsibility, this would be the "you do together" section, and it provides students an opportunity to practice what they just learned while still having another person to collaborate with in searching for the best explanation (SP7). Cladistics – A method of classifying organisms into groups of species called clades, Clade – A group consisting of an ancestral organism and all of its evolutionary descendants. (Think about what the word "innovation" means in regular language.) <>>>
Common traits are the result of a common designer. 5.4.U6 Evidence from cladistics has shown that classifications of some groups based on structure did not correspond with the evolutionary origins of a group or species. 2 0 obj
Natural History pp. Root – The initial ancestor common to all organisms within the cladogram (incoming line shows it originates from a larger clade), Nodes – Each node corresponds to a common ancestor that speciated to give rise to two (or more) daughter taxa. 6. Cladograms and genetics worksheet answers. Why should the “dorsal fin” character not be used to construct the cladogram even though it is a shared character by both the Tuna and the Dolphin? What is cladistics? A 6-page worksheet that covers the basic classification concepts of Linnaean vs. modern classification, phylogeny, cladistics, and cladograms.Contents:Page 1-4: Reading ExerciseReading assignment that summarizes the following topics:Issues with Linnaean classificationHow modern evolutionary classifi A phylogenetic tree can show a much broader comparison, for example consisting of all life on Earth with a common ancestor. Cladograms can be constructed based on either a comparison of morphological (structural) features or molecular evidence. Natural History pp. Erik W.A. the Dolphin. Cladistics’ popularity is the result of it being an objective method that produces a phylogeny that is a testable hypothesis about evolutionary history. The following table shows the percentage similarity in sequences of nucleotides from a homologous gene derived from five different species of mammals compared to that of a homologous human gene. 10. Cladistics Handout Working individually, complete the questions on the handout and submit before the end of class. Why? Complete Virtual Lab walk through assignment. Each characteristic will be represented by a node, with more common characteristics representing earlier nodes. 7. Cladistics (5.4) IB Diploma Biology 2. Cladistics assumes that shared traits are evidence for a common ancestor. 1 0 obj
Cladograms – Tree diagrams where each branch point represents the splitting of two new groups from a common ancestor. %PDF-1.5
Highlight their entire protein sequences. 2. Of course, this is not the case. What separates a salamander from a turtle? Answer; Why is cladistics so popular right now? Complete the worksheet as a class, allowing students to discuss answers as a group. Name two characters possessed by reptiles and birds. Use the following cladogram to answer the questions below. CLADOGRAM ANALYSIS KEY. They look for features that animals share, such as four limbs, hooves, or a hole in the hip socket. Shark Key (I.e. Worksheet answer key biology minion cladogram. Original Document: Cladogram Analysis What is a cladogram? From cladistics lab worksheets to candy cladistics videos, quickly find teacher-reviewed educational resources. Activity 176-178. a) A seal is more closely related to a horse than to a whale b) A seal is more closely related to a whale than to a horse c) A seal is equally related to a horse and a whale d) A seal is related to a whale, but is not related to a horse Answer is C. Note that seal, horse … Place these animals on your cladogram and explain why you placed them where you did (on back of the Worksheet ). In theory, phylogenetic systematics, or cladistics, uses non-subjective, natural criteria for classifying organisms. ���c�v�"�cO����.��~�FT���G�G!#zu=���������"��Qa���w?���*��߿��(� ��DQ�� �})w������
m�3g���t��Ĺx��F�^86�N�¿���Fr)�$��
�β!fx�~�s~������[�ѿ a���4�'���%:1?���� %Ϡ���Ԥ�1����3'������a��������,/��\7�nݖ�e;e�A�ʆ$��,���jp�$��:�z'����Գ#O�_,=+[/��b�[O5|�G�Z�|;�+�o#z�V�:�3�h�`,�#q�خ�`w#Ѐ�m�9#^h�+�+�h�8����O�OU��,�-��o}]x�%Z)�em�ߒϋej��Zl��bX�i�:V-��F��2�6B֤1|��Ъl�8�������"�vY�r\���8վ���"���a|E���[$D v�M�ه�(�3e{)��!�4��{2������ľ ��I���� �5R�����(��|'�UT�@�=��X�F. Explain to students that scientists use a method called cladistics to determine evolutionary relationships among animals. In simpler terms, the percentage similarity between the human gene and the Chimpanzee gene is 99.7% Place these animals on your cladogram and explain why you placed them where you did (on back of the Worksheet ). G. Extension : If you need further practice, your teacher may provide you with another set of organisms and their distinguishing characteristics. In class today we hit the ground running to tackle our first content based unit. Taxon (plural Taxa) = any unit used in the science of biological classification, or taxonomy. The Challenge For this exercise, the class works in groups of three to five students. Circulatory System Part 2: The Heart and Major Vessels, Circulatory System Part 3: Blood Pressure, Circulatory System Part 4: Vessels, Capillary Fluid Exchange, Lymphatic System, The Respiratory System Part 1: Structures and Mechanisms of Breathing, The Respiratory System Part 2: Regulation of Breathing and Gas Exchange, The Nervous System: Part 1 – Intro and the CNS, The Nervous System Part 3 – Impulse Transmission, Nervous System Part 4: Peripheral Nervous System/Endocrine Control, Urinary System Part 3: Regulation of Urine Formation, Complete “Missions 1 and 2” of the virtual evolution lab, Members of a clade will possess common characteristics as a result of their shared evolutionary lineage, Cladograms show the probable sequence of divergence and hence demonstrate. Convergent evolution explains traits that were derived in different instances, which does not indicate relatedness; thus they should not be used in constructing a cladogram. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
7. Cladistics – A method of classifying organisms into groups of species called clades Clade – A group consisting of an ancestral organism and all of its evolutionary descendants Members of a clade will possess common characteristics as a result of their shared evolutionary lineage Lesson Topic: Cladistics: Phylogenetic Systematics Objectives 1. Some of the worksheets for this concept are making cladograms … Which is/are synapomorphies? Scientists make a chart called a cladogram to show these relationships. Cladistics is one of the most commonly used methods for reconstructing evolutionary ancestries. 3. Note: The Evo lab will help you and ideas about “equivalent trees” is important. Advanced cladistics practice 14 unit 1 test material. Developed by Willi Hennig in 1966, cladistics use patterns of shared derived characters called synapomorphies to infer the order of lineage divergences within a group of organisms. <>
5. It is a diagram that depicts evolutionary relationships among groups. Find the human, rhesus monkey, kangaroo, snapping turtle, bullfrog, and tuna on the Amino Acid Sequences in Cytochrome-C Proteins from 20 Different Species chart provided. endobj
Title: Slide 1 Author: Jonathan Loucks Created Date: This is why we offer the ebook compilations in this website. endobj
These characteristics appear in later organisms but not earlier ones and are called how to use a dichotomous key/ what it is), Cladistic Practice Work including marked and unmarked work. Cladograms and Genetics 1. It will agreed ease you to Outline the role of technological advancements in the development of cladistics. 1. Eugene S. Gaffney, Lowell Dingus, and Miranda K. Smith. Today, with the advances in genetics and biochemistry, biologists can look more closely at individuals to discover their pattern of evolution, and group them accordingly - this strategy is called EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION CLADISTICS is form of analysis that looks at features of organisms that are considered "innovations", or newer features that serve some kind of purpose. 9th Biology – Classification of Organisms April 27 – May 1 Student Name: _____ 4 Directions: Examine the table below showing the classification of four organisms.Then answer the questions. %����
They show evolutionary relationships within groups! Name 5 characteristic possessed by birds. Functions as a point of comparison. Be sure all of your animals are arranged at the top of the cladogram and the distinguishing characteristics are listed. Which organism is most related to the leopard? Remember: moving upward on a cladogram means you are moving upward in time! The student will learn about monophyletic, paraphyletic and polyphyletic taxa, and why Why Cladistics? Cladistics Lab. Why do we need to classify organisms? 3 0 obj
CLADISTICS is form of analysis that looks at features of organisms that are considered "innovations", or newer features that serve some kind of purpose. Phylogeny – The history of the evolution of a species or group. Complete “Missions 1 and 2” of the virtual evolution lab. 176-178. TOPIC F: CLADISTICS Class: me+hod oe accordino more charack*istics They shatt, more re-cent common ancestor Cladograms — brançhirt3 diagram Ela+ionships be±užzn spaces Node — recent common ances+or- OF all dasczrda-n+s fram an ances}ec … <>
In the space below, draw a diagram showing the levels of classification in the Linnaean 2. 5.4.1 A Clade is a group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor Cladistics (From the ancient Greek for "branch") is a method of classifying species of organisms into groups called clades, which consist of an ancestor organism and all its descendants (and nothing else). answer. These characteristics appear in later organisms but not earlier ones and are called derived characters.